My Dog Cleopatra Essay Example For Students

My Dog Cleopatra Essay I’ll always remember the day my God little girl appeared on my entryway step holding a major dark filthy duffel bag over her shoulders saying, Hi, Auntie, I got an astonishment for you! ; much to my dismay this day would before long become an occasion we’d each retell consistently. As I invited my niece inside, she immediately floundered this pack onto my kitchen table, cautiously unfastening it to uncover its substance of what resembled a huge fleecy collected cover (you realize the ones that accompanies the coordinating cushion worked in and all folded up into one) Well, as my child and I moved towards the kitchen table for a more intensive look, we saw that this huge soft repudiate was not a sweeping pad thingy by any stretch of the imagination, however a genuine live pooch. Goodness! My heart promptly started to sink and the expression on my children face went from sheer energy and excitement and abrupt misery. It was in the relatively recent past that we lost our beyond a reasonable doubt cherished Snow. Snow was our Maltese terrier. She was my oldest son’s first pet, which was likewise given to us as a blessing. Until one day, by chance, while out for a stroll with my child, she was taken. My child was just eight years of age at that point; and for him, the loss of Snow was awful and still exceptionally new in his brain, that the idea of supplanting his Snow with another canine was unfathomable. While we as a whole missed Snow without question, and missed having a pet in the house, getting another never came up. However here we are today with this little, enormous earthy colored looked at, cushy hill of charm sitting on our kitchen table. Furthermore, from what my God little girl clarifies, needs a home. Alright, at this moment I’m thinking â€Å"I’m the grown-up here; and as you can envision, this whole scene has found me totally napping. Now, I’m feeling totally awkward and irritated towards my God little girl for placing me in such cumbersome position. Also, despite the fact that having another pet in the home would have documented the undeniable void that Snows nonappearance has left, I am actually not prepared to manage aggravations that having another pet can bring. Before I could get another word out of my mouth, my child and my girl rapidly dips in and gets this feathery goodness into their arms, amassing around me, asking in the event that they could keep her. Well obviously observing this exceptionally outward showcase of warmth and feeling from my children, particularly that of my child totally make my day and any obstruction I needed to contend against the thought has totally broken. At that moment, the undeniable decision to keep her was at that point made; and from that day we received another relative, whom as a result of her great appearance, we as a whole chose to call â€Å"Cleopatra. Throughout the following hardly any years, ten to be accurate, Cleopatra, whom we warmly call Cleo, has certainly demonstrated to be the â€Å"Queen† in the family. She immediately made it realized who was chief. Everybody adored her; family companions, neighbors just as outsiders. Wherever we went, she went; and on the off chance that you didn’t see her, you realized she was not very a long ways behind. New to the family, Cleo went all over the place and consistently realized how to act and make some great memories. Most ends of the week the children and I would attempt to discover something to do that included Cleo with the goal that she would not be ventured out from home alone. She’d frequently go with us to zoos, church picnics; back yard Bar-B-Q’s just as the infrequent stroll to the nearby store. The local we live in has a lot of parks for her to go around in, uncover gaps, lay in the grass or simply rest, which she frequently did. Cleo’s accommodating and fun-lovin’ disposition made it agreeable for anybody to associate with her. I can review a period where she laid unobtrusively and let my little nieces really put ponytails in her hair and on her whole body; including her ears and tail. .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .postImageUrl , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:visited , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:active { border:0!important; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:active , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u dfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 . focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Freud Essay On JesusWhat a senseless sight, however as â€Å"queen† Cleo accepted everything. The most flawlessly awesome thing about having a canine like Cleo (in a loft without a yard), she knew precisely when she needed to go and had no issue telling you when the time had come to â€Å"go. My young lady not just carried her rope to you, she would thump on the front entryway yapping until you got up to take her out. We would never truly make sense of it, however Cleo made it understood to us that going out to deal with her business, was likewise her chance to meet and make new companions. Indeed, Cleo was inviting and the entire neighborhood knew it. In some cases she would walk us explicitly towards our neighbor’s yard. On a couple of events either before work or at night a while later, during her strolls she would squirm her now enormous and cushy body out of her chain and advance into one of our neighbors yard, where I would then need to ask, argue, cry and cry to pry her back home just to have her run directly back to the neighbors yard the following day. Despite the fact that we lived in loft with a lot of room to wander, Cleo consistently needed to be outside, such is the situation that at whatever point she heard the front entryway open, she’d dart straight out into the passage; and on the off chance that you weren’t focusing, instantly she’d be out the entryway rapidly advancing down the three stairwells, around the bend and up the square! Before you can make sense of how, when or what occurred, you’re rapidly captivating her in an indulgent pursue. For the following couple of moments what appears hours, you would be either running, undermining, cussing and shouting out to her to stop. I swear this pooch was excessively quick and smooth to her benefit. At that point it happened to me this was really a game for her. I’m persuaded she got sheer delight out of watching us pursue her. Once in a while, she’d even have the daringness to let you really make up for lost time to her; so, all in all she’d take a gander at you and hasten off once more. Disappointed and irritated you take off after her once more for another tedious pursue. Neither of us (the children or I) discovered this game interesting, in actuality inevitably we figured once we quit pursuing, she’d in the long run surrender and returned home. While pursuing Cleo wasn’t precisely my concept of a goodtime; truth is, she really helped me shed some undesirable pounds and remain fit as a fiddle in those days at any rate. Today, I favored her late night organization, with her spread over the foot of my bed keeping my feet warm. Regardless of which job she’s agreeable in; monitor hound, closest companion, feet hotter, wellness master or neighborhood watch, my young lady Cleo is unquestionably stand-out and the Queen of her seat. Also, after two liters of young doggies, hills of green grass and earth gaps uncovered, twelve or so cookout scraps, unending gooey puffs and doggy treats later, we found our sincerely dearest Cleo was quietly experiencing ovarian malignancy. Not long a while later, we gave her a last altercation the recreation center, where she was let go to turn into a piece of the excellence that will everlastingly grow up and carry new life for others to loll in and appreciate. Since Cleo’s passing, my family and I have saved and embraced 3 additional canines, who have each presented to us a huge amount of affection, fuzzy affectionate recollections and increasingly one on one pursues down the square, and for that we would not have it some other way.

Ethical Interpersonal Communication Essay Example for Free

Moral Interpersonal Communication Essay Morals alludes to measures of direct, norms that show how one ought to carry on dependent on moral obligations and ideals, which themselves are gotten from standards of good and bad. The significant determinant of whether interchanges are moral or dishonest can be found in the thought of decision. The basic supposition that will be that individuals reserve an option to settle on their own decisions. Relational interchanges are moral to the degree that they encourage a person’s opportunity of decision by giving that individual precise data. Correspondences are untrustworthy to the degree that they meddle with the individual’s opportunity of decision by keeping the individual from making sure about data pertinent to the decisions the person in question will make. Exploitative interchanges, along these lines, are those that power an individual to settle on decisions the person would not regularly settle on or to decay to settle on decisions the person in question would ordinarily make or both. The moral communicator gives others the sort of data that is useful in settling on their own decisions. You reserve the option to data about yourself that others have and that impacts the decisions you will make. Along these lines, for instance, you reserve the privilege to confront your informers, to know the observers who will be called to affirm against you, to see your FICO scores, to see your clinical records, etc. While you reserve the privilege to data bearing on your own decisions, you additionally have the commitment to uncover data that you have that bears on the decisions of your general public. In this manner, for instance, you have a commitment to recognize bad behavior that you witness, to distinguish somebody in a police line up, to advise the police of crime, and Ethical Interpersonal Communication 3 to affirm at a preliminary when you forces appropriate data. This data is basic for society to achieve its motivations and to settle on its authentic decisions. Additionally, the data introduced must be precise; clearly, sensible decisions rely upon exactness of data. Dubious data must be given capabilities, regardless of whether it concerns a wrongdoing that you saw or things you have caught wind of others. While you have these commitments to impart data, you additionally reserve the option to stay quiet; you reserve an option to protection, to retain data that makes little difference to the current issue. Consequently, for instance, a man or woman’s past relationship history, sexual direction, or religion us typically insignificant to the person’s capacity to work as a specialist or cop, for instance, and may along these lines be kept hidden in most occupation related circumstances. On the off chance that these issues become pertinent state, the individual is going to enter another relationship then there might be a commitment to uncover past connections, sexual direction, or religion, for instance, to the new accomplice. In a court, obviously, you reserve the option to decline to implicate yourself, to uncover data about yourself that could be utilized against you. Be that as it may, you don't reserve the option to decline to uncover data about the crimes of others. In Canada, just legal advisors and marriage accomplices are excluded from this general principle if the â€Å"criminal† was a customer or companion. In this ethic dependent on decision, nonetheless, there are a couple of capabilities that may confine your opportunity. The ethic expect that people are of an age and state of mind that permits free decision to be sensibly executed and that the decisions they make don't keep others from doing in like manner. A kid 5 or 6 years of age may not be prepared to settle on specific decisions, so somebody Ethical Interpersonal Communication 4 else (a parent or legitimate watchman) must make them. A few grown-ups, for instance individuals with progressing Alzheimer’s malady, need others to settle on specific choices (legitimate or budgetary choices) for them.

Hello world.

Hello world. My name is Chris Peterson. My title all Serious People have titles, and I am nothing if not Serious is Admissions Counselor for Web Communications at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. However, like Dave, perhaps it is simpler to introduce myself as part of the team of people that have joined together like a Megazord to become the new Ben. I dont recall much about the process, but I seem to remember it as going something like this: (dramatic simulation actual results may vary) As one of the constitutive elements of this new borg-Ben newly arisen from the digital ooze, my job is to help make the Internet go for the Admissions Office. If I wanted to be professional which is to say, if I wanted to obscure my individual unimportance behind interlocking bulkheads of buzzwords, like a pufferfish wrapped in chain mail and festooned with mines I would say that I leverage social software to facilitate digital conversations between MIT and its latent global community. If I wanted to be truthful, Id say I try to use cool technology to help MIT and prospective students talk to each other. This blog is a huge part of that effort. Its fairly incredible that MIT allows both current and prospective students to converse openly as they do on this site. It is perhaps unsurprising that MIT jumped aboard the cluetrain in this regard to paraphrase Matt McGann, Tim Berners-Lee does work upstairs, and if we didnt use the web as a way to freely share information hed probably whack us upside the head but it is no less unique for that. The fact of the matter is that MIT could survive without this blog and avoid a lot of potential headaches and most of my salary. However, the Institvte recognizes that conversations bring communities together, and so here we are, sharing our hopes and dreams through wires and screens and its awesome enough that Ill even put up with Daves lolcats to be a part of that vision. One thing Id like to do is figure out some shiny new toys to add to the already shiny site we have here. Dave and I are working on some Top Secret web projects that well be rolling out in the indefinite future, projects that will help the entire MIT community (past, current, and prospective) share its considerable collective intelligence and enrich all involved. In the tradition of a true webitocracy, if anyone has any ideas about cool tools or features theyd like to see incorporated into the website, please post something about it and why you think it rocks. Time permitting and FSM willing, well see if we can work it in. I cant wait to work with all of you to continue to build what Ben began: an intergalactic space empire run by an alien witch living in a dumpster on the moon a first-class online community for some of the best and brightest students in the world.

World War I And The United States - 2440 Words

The 20th century brought with it a plethora of technological advancements that acted as a catalyst for an important and lasting shift in the United State’s perception of its role in the world. Technological advancement in travel and communication changed the American people’s views of the world, therefore changing the direction of American foreign policy. This shift in foreign policy would eventually lead the United States into the grips of two horrific wars on the European continent. However, these wars would provide the necessary environment for the country to establish itself as the leader of the international system – a title it would desperately need tin order to attempt to create a new, less conflict-ridden global order. Though World†¦show more content†¦There is really a copious supply of different inventions with roots in the industrial revolution of the 19th century, but I believe that the inventions of the telegraph and steam engine best emphas ize the leaps and bounds in technology at the time because of how clearly these advancements drastically altered people’s way of life – they shrunk the world as people knew it, resulting in a type of global connectedness that would have been unimaginable just a short time before. This â€Å"awakening† of the American psyche to the outside world did not necessarily discredit isolationist sentiments, but it undoubtedly gave credence to the belief that America was destined to assume an active role in world affairs. The American peace movement began early during the first decade of the 20th century. An ethnocentric lot, these peace-seekers were, as Herring states, â€Å"Optimistic about humankind and confident of progress†¦[believing] their cause could best be furthered by the extension of Anglo-Saxon principles, especially the codification of international law and arbitration† (Herring, pg. 357). In only a few short years, 130 non-governmental organizations were established by these peace-seekers. Ironically enough, Herring mentions that those supporters of the peace movement â€Å"saw no contradiction between working for peace and

What Is a Spartan

La Moulin Galette Free Essays

Michael Priddy Angela Brasser, Adjunct Professor Art 100 November 8, 2010 Le Moulin De La Galette The year was 1876 when Pierre Augustus Renoir painted his Le Moulin De La Galette this piece of art was in the style of impressionism. This was a fairly new art style during these years thus making it very popular at the time. Renoir’s works has endured the test of time with the popularity of his art and is still one of history’s more prominent artists. We will write a custom essay sample on La Moulin Galette or any similar topic only for you Order Now The painting itself was an open-air oil portrait on canvas that measured 4ft. 3in. X5ft. 8in. the composition of the painting was of a large outdoor gathering of music and dancing which included many of Renoir’s friends, including one of his closest friends Georges Rivie`re. The following year while at the third impressionist exhibit of 1877 Rivie`re described the painting as follows: â€Å"It is a page of history, a precious monument to Parisian life, Done with rigorous exactitude. No one before Renoir had thought of portraying an event in ordinary life on a canvas of such big dimensions† (Rivie`re quote, Sayer 493) The type of line generally employed throughout the painting is primarily expressive and flowing, this is generally type of line impressionist used in their paintings. When Renoir painted this portrait his use of line seemed to soften the overall look of the painting. While there are areas in the painting where the artist’s line are more structured and deliberate the overall feel of the painting is that the line is free flowing and expressive. Renoir’s use of space is very precisely controlled by the overlapping of figures in the painting to create the feel of a large outdoor courtyard. While the overlapping of the figures create the feel of an open courtyard, it also portrays at the same time how completely cramped and crowded the dance area seems to be, this also helps define the space and also creates a feel of movement in the painting. Renoir’s scale that he placed on the table and the people around it, compared to the dancers in the rest of the painting helped the viewer take in the entire painting and gave it a sense of balance. The colors in the paintings palette were mostly analogous cool colors of different shades of blues and greens. There are other colors used in the painting and these are used in the complementary manner in order to intensify each color, there were fewer areas of complementary colors in the painting this was probably done in this manner to keep your eyes going to different focal points in the painting. Impressionism is a style of painting that uses a command of light and shadows and colors by discontinuous brush strokes to represent the effects of light. It shows that light can be reflected to show color in shadows and not just the brown or black darkness of a shadow that is typically described as a shadow. To many this mastery and skill of using light is one of the most important skills in painting. Renoir completely showed his skill of adding light to his portraits by creating a feel of the sun cascading through the canopy of trees in the courtyard. All through the painting the viewer will see small streams of light gently falling onto the people and furnishings in the courtyard. There does seem to be a repeating pattern in the painting especially in the way the same colors are used throughout the painting and how there seems to be certain figures looking directly towards you. By the way Renoir used this type of line orientation also helps in defining the relationship of space by having different figures looking directly at you from different levels in the painting thus creating a feel of spatial depth. The focal point and emphasis of the painting seems to have been placed on the area where the woman is leaning down with her hand placed upon the young girl in the striped dress, the lady is in conversation with one of the young men at the table. The young girl has her gaze focused beyond the scope of the painting possibly watching the band as they play the music that the group is enjoying and dancing too or maybe another activity that has caught her attention. One of the identifiable figures in the painting was of the male who is seated at the table to the far right who seems to be either writing or possibly sketching the lady, who used as the focal point, by the way he is so closely looking at her trying either to take in all she is saying or to study her for his sketch. That male figure in fact is of Georges Rivie`re the friend of Renoir who was mentioned earlier. The painting has used asymmetrical balance; this type of approach differs from symmetrical balance, which is when there are components on each side of the portrait that mirror each other (Sayer 145). Another way Renoir created and shown asymmetrical balance in this portrait was from the larger area of the table and the guests around it and how it compared to the other areas of where the dancers have gathered. Also the darker and more prominent areas of the painting are balanced by the open area where the sunlight seems to show an area of the ground. By doing this the artist has added the balance of the lightened area to the shaded darker area, and also the area of less activity to area of the dance floor, by doing this you are again drawn back to the focal point of the painting. This analysis has focused on certain parts of Renoir’s La Moulin De La Galette, but a viewer must try to be able see how each of the parts simply compliment each other to completely appreciate this wonderful art work. People have often stated many times in the past that â€Å"I don’t know art, but I know what I like† with this attitude a viewer will be able to enjoy this painting immensely, but when you realize and see the way Renoir used so many artistic tools and techniques to achieve this work of art, then the viewer will be able actually to appreciate this art work. The skill and thought that have been used on this painting is obviously evident. Most of Renoir’s paintings have a more somber feel and approach, but this painting depicts a fun and lighthearted day that was overly filled with dancing, music and wine that was enjoyed by all in attendance. {Total word count 1103} Work cited Sayer, Henry M. The World of Art. Ed. Leah Jewell published by Pearson Education Inc. as Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Printed text How to cite La Moulin Galette, Papers

Supply Chain and Bergerac free essay sample

Abstract Veterinary expenditure has been on an increasing trend due to the increase in pet ownership in the United States. Bergerac is a company producing equipments used for testing pet patients in the veterinarian clinics. Omnivue is one of the most successful equipments produced by the company, which is priced at a competitive rate to attract lower and middle sized veterinarians. The production of Omnivue involves the use of plastics and chemical reagents supplied by two major suppliers, GenieTech and Elsinore. The management of Bergerac is planning to take control over its suppliers to reduce the production fluctuation and overhead costs of the firm. There are three strategic alternatives for the company to implement its future plans. It can opt for forward integration strategy by controlling its distribution channels; it can implement backward integration strategy through acquisition of building its own plant. Bergerac also have the option to operate the way it is currently operating to avoid risks arising from forward and backward integration. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain and Bergerac or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Introduction and Problem Identification Bergerac systems, established in 2001, focused on developing latest medical assistance machines for pets. As the trend of pet keeping and caring was increasing, Company took advantage of the moment and started to invest in research and development for a better substitute to the normal blood testing machines at veterinary clinics. Pet healthcare industry grew at a rate of 7 to 8 percent due to an increase in the pet possession rate. A number of pet owners in the United States consider their pets to be a family member and spend a decent amount of their earnings on the pet healthcare. Veterinary doctors have been focusing on clinical diagnostic and are relying on the latest machines providing accurate and fast results. Omnivue was one of the latest additions to the pet healthcare industry. A tabletop sized machine attracted professionals of the industry through its unique features such as low price, fast results, simple operating procedure and compact size. Omnivue was used by putting a small sample of blood in an animal specific cartridge, and the test was completed in a time span of ten minutes. The cartridges were made by Bergerac systems using plastic as the basic manufacturing material. Chemical reagents were sourced from multiple  companies such as GenieTech plastics and Elsinore limited. Due to an increased demand of Omnivue, the demand of chemical reagents also increased and Bergerac faced difficulty when the suppliers went short of the supplies. Bergerac has to move towards vertical integration to meet the growing demand of their products without facing production fluctuation. Strategic Alternative 1- Forward Integration A forward integration is a type of vertical integration whereby a company expands its operations in order to take command of the dispersion of its products in the market. It is done by controlling channels of distribution and managing supply chain to maximize market share and profitability. Forward integration eliminates the existence of a middle man in the supply chain process and allows the company to sell its products directly to the final consumer. Companies have been focusing on their immediate customer i.e. wholesaler, and their immediate supplier, reducing the chances of the end consumer satisfaction. Bergerac can opt for forward integration to control the market and satisfy the end customer with promised product quality. Advantages of this strategy include reduction in the number of supply channels and sale of the product at a competitive price. Bergerac can attain a greater control over the distribution of Omnivue, and it can reduce its price to attract small and middle sized veterinarians. However, the control of distribution channels should not affect the manufacturing process at any cost. The lack of experience in the distribution area can affect the sale of Omnivue in a negative way. Inventory handling and the expansion of storage facility are an additional cost of opting for the strategy of forward integration. Hence, manufacturing department should not interfere in the distribution department, and the latter should be experienced in distribution of products like Omnivue to the end customers. Strategic Alternative 2- Backward Integration Backward integration is a type of vertical integration in which a company takes control over its suppliers. It is a form of acquisition of the intermediary players involved in supplying the raw materials used in the production process of the firm. Raw materials, intermediate manufacturing and assembly are controlled by the firm whereas distribution to the end  customer is done by a third party company. In this way, company increases production efficiency and gains a competitive advantage by lowering its production cost. Bergerac can opt for the buy option and implement its backward integration by acquiring GenieTech. GenieTech can provide the company with eight efficient molding machines for the acquisition price of $ 5.75 million. The price includes experienced labor force and management. Bergerac can fulfill its chemical reagent demand by using 4 out of 8 moulds provided in the acquisition. Rest of the presses can be used in the expansion process or can be used to meet the demand of a third party. This investment can result in the reduction of overhead expenses by twenty six percent per unit. Bergerac can pay the amount over a period of five years making the project feasible for the company. Vertical integration can also be achieved by making the chemical reagents at Bergerac’s own plant located at Parsippany. GenieTech’s acquisition would provide 8 molding presses exceeding the requirement of the company by 4 presses. Contrary to that, Bergerac can attain its own presses and achieve greater efficiency and productivity through proper training of labor and management of the plant. Strategic Alternative 3- No Integration In a No-Integration scenario, a company only takes control of its assembly, and it outsources the supply of its raw materials and intermediate manufacturing. After assembling the product and finalizing it, the company lets its distributors do the rest of the supply chain management. End customer gets the final product through the wholesaler or retailer. There is no direct contact of the manufacturer and the end customer. Bergarac can operate the way it is handling the production of Omnivue and avoid any issues regarding capacity building and supervision of supplies and distribution. The company can continue receiving the chemical reagent supplies from GenieTech and Elsinore, and focus on the production of innovative veterinarian equipments such as Omnivue. It can direct the potential investment into research and development to maintain a competitive advantage in the market. However, Bergerac can face the shortage of supplies as it faced in the past due to production issues from the supplier side. It can also lose the authority to lower price of the products due to a number of overhead and transportation expenses. Recommended Action Plan Bergerac is recommended to implement a backward strategy and control the supply of chemical reagents by starting the production at Parsippany production plant. The plastic components can be manufactured using four molding presses which will cost less than the acquisition of GenieTech. The company could buy latest machines with greater efficiency and production speed as compared to that offered by GenieTech. This alternative would reduce the cost of a single unit of cartridge by 43 cents; thus, allowing Bergerac to invest a greater amount of funds in its research and development program. It can also reduce the price of Omnivue and be a market leader in the veterinarian medical equipment market. However, it should be noted that building a new plant would require a high initial investment. Training of new staff and management would require further investment and time of the company. The payback of this investment would be 1.3 years and profitability would increase substantially after that time. Building option is better than buying option, forward integration and no integration as it is the only way to increase the control of Bergerac over its suppliers in an effective and efficient manner. It will not only increase the assets of the company but also enable it to build a customized production plant according to its specifications. It can also opt for the modification of plant in future as to deal with the increasing demand of Omnivue and anticipation of its future models.

Native Americans Essays - American Culture, , Term Papers

Native Americans Many times throughout history, specific events occur that explain why the existence of Native Americans are necessary for the Spanish and English colonists to survive. The Native Americans were like parents to the Spanish and English colonists. As a newborn baby is introduced to the new world, alike, the Spanish and English were introduced to a New World in which the Natives were already a part of. Their inhabitance of the land dates back to many thousands of years ago where they inhabited all regions of the America's. When the Europeans arrived the Natives gave the colonists knowledge about the land. At times the Natives cared for them and supplied them with food and various other things. They also provided work for the colonists whether the Natives were slaves, servants or allied forces. Economically, the Natives were needed very much for anything the colonists would export to Europe. Throughout history, the colonists' dependency on the Natives was clearly shown and the how the col onists exploited the Natives in every possible way was also clear. What the colonists needed most from the Natives was their knowledge of the land. Because the Natives lived in the America's for thousands of years, they are familiar with the area and they know how to work with it. For example, when Cortez landed on the Mexican shores on 1519, he used the Aztecs for their gold. When he found out where the Aztecs were getting their gold from, he simply destroyed them after he used them for their knowledge. Spanish colonists also had to learn a lot from the Pima, Pueblo and Papagos to be able to continue their farming in the very dry Southwest. Another tribe's knowledge the colonists needed for survival was the Hohokam. ?The Hohokam built and maintained the first irrigation system in America, channeling river water many miles to desert fields of maize, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton. ? The Hohokam's knowledge of the dry lands and irrigation was passed on to later tribes, which was ultimately acquired by the colonists. This type of knowledge is essential to survival of the colonists because you could imagine what would happen to these farmers when they are left in a desert with no assistance, they would die! Thus, the knowledge of the land that the Natives had was critical to the survival of the colonists. Yet, with all the knowledge they provided, it still wasn't enough. Not only were the colonists dependent on the knowledge the Natives provided, but they also needed their care and their supplies. At times, the colonists reached the shores of the New World and met harsh conditions that they were not prepared for, yet the Natives have adapted to. At times like these, the Natives would care for this unknown kind. For example, in 1608 when 144 people were sent to Chesapeake to begin the first permanent English colony (Jamestown) and ?[the colonists] survived the first year only with Powhatan's material assistance. ? They were unable to support themselves. ? The same incident occurred on the island of Roanoke when the colony there, ?Was incapable of supporting itself... [the tribe leader] did the hospitable thing. ? Another example where the Natives did the hospitable thing for the colonists was at Plymouth when the Natives fed and cared for the Pilgrims. The previous examples prove the Natives were needed for the colonists' survival. Almost all of the E nglish colonies in the beginning would have perished if it weren't for the Natives. The Natives are also responsible for ?Supply[ing] [the first European colonists in the south] with rich harvests from their extensive fields? .? It's hard to believe that with all the violence that goes on between the two cultures, that the Natives would actually give their own addiction of tobacco to the colonists. The Natives taught the colonists how to grow these plants and they used the Natives' fertile, mild soil around the Mississippian River. As well as that, English colonists on the northeast shores of the U.S. farmed maize on the same land and fished in the same waters as the Algonquian tribe. There is an unending amount of examples of where the Natives provided care, supplies and life for

Sortie essays

Sortie essays This story had a lot of good ideas but I couldnt really follow what was going on. I thought that the narrative paragraphs made complete sense.... Then I would get to the dialogue and be scratching my head. I think the dialogue is where you lost me. Your character has a good strong voice... I can feel her emotions. Also your descriptions of people and the coffee shop were really good. I knew exactly what it looked like or what the person looked like. I didnt feel like the story had good movement... it didnt seem to flow very well. That was the only thing that I think was really wrong with the story. It seemed like you were jumping back and forth between different fragments of this girls life.... And I could really follow the general ideas. I realized that you were saying something about the concept of life and how different people were but I guess I didnt really understand what you wanted me to understand. One thing that may help the story just look better is the font.... It really confused me. I think it made me cross-eyed.... But that just could have been me. I really loved the girls character.... She was hilarious... I just got lost when she started talking. Maybe if you just shaped up the dialogue a bit it would be a masterpiece. I couldnt figure out the general motive of the story... or really the plot. However, I could have just totally missed the entire point. The story was really funny though. ...

The Value and Importance of Training Assignment

The Value and Importance of Training - Assignment Example Thus, it can be realized that the value and importance of training in an organization can be understood only if an organization undertakes a planned and efficient training program and sees through the results. The current study focuses on the value and importance of training, the current trends in the training and considering the Wal-Mart stores, the study shall try to associate the importance of training programs in the company. About the Wal-Mart Company: The Wal-Mart group of stores was started in the year 1962, when it initiated its discount stores in Rogers. Wal-Mart stores were incorporated in 1969 and in the present times it is one of the biggest retail stores in the world. It sells its products across 20 different countries and has gained around 2.1 million associates for its business throughout the world. The company intends to satisfy the customers by providing with retail products at costs that customers can easily find reasonable. The company has its own set of values and principles and has been following them over the years for the success of the company. It gives high value to the service that can be provided to its customers and has a large customer base (About us). The plans of the company give light to the company’s focus on customer’s satisfaction which requires the effective performance on the part of the organizational employees. The different products of the Wal-Mart group of stores are: apparels, health and beauty products, electronics, toys, jewelry, items for lawns and gardens, automotive products, furnishing products for home, hardware, sports goods, supplies for pets as well as household products. Wal-Mart also has its super-centers with products like packaged foods, fresh products and others. The company sells its products through its neighbor markets, express stores, and the super-centers. The company also makes use of the internet facilities and serves its customers through the online ordering and feedback measures. Th e online feedback of the customers are considered significant by the company for its future modifications and improvement (Walmart). Thus, the study on the company clearly indicates that the company needs to continuously update and keep its employees trained such that they can serve efficiently in all the respects and departments of the organization gaining the satisfaction from the customers. Current Trends in Training: The training and development of employees within organizations are based on increasing the skills and expertise of the employees for the betterment of the organization. It is thus, an important role of the human resources management team of any corporation to look for the ways to include and improve the training programs for the employees to be properly trained. The trends that improve the capability of the human resources team in any organization and hence, the training of employees include the â€Å"increased globalization of the economy†, â€Å"technologi cal changes, challenges, and opportunities†, â€Å"the need to be flexible in response to changing business environments†, â€Å"increase in litigation related to HRM†, and â€Å"changing characteristics of the workforce† (Bernandin, 9). The above trends reflect factors that are needed to be taken into consideration for understanding the needs of training programs within organizat

Lumbar spine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lumbar spine - Essay Example 4). Despite its ability to hold weight and absorb shocks, the lumbar spine is vulnerable and can easily be damaged in a number of ways. Therefore, it has become necessary to find an adequate means of measuring a patient’s pain. X-ray imaging is based in part on high energy photons passing through a phosphor screen and then scattering around the object being x-rayed, thus producing an image. The other part is a matter of studying the data collected from the original screening (Iniewski, 2009, p. 3). Most x-rays are made up of geometric magnification, which is created by crystals which are responsible for diffracting the image (Chang, 2004, p. 31) Before x-rays were available, the only way for a doctor to measure what it is they are looking at is by asking the patient and making judgments by the pain that they report (Herkowitz & Bell, 2004, p. 3). X-rays are not only necessary when it comes to diagnosing what the injury is, but they must also be performed again before surgery, to make certain that nothing has changed since the last time (Herkowitz & Bell, 2004, p. 459). The image quality of an x-ray plays a large role in how the image will turn out. The goal is to obtain optimal image, which provides the doctor and patient with an adequate view of all features related to the x-ray (McQuillen-Martensen, 2006, p. 1). Some key factors which play a role in image quality are: anatomical positioning, kVp and mA, density and contrast, SID, sharpness as well as focal point and geometry. It is important that the patient be properly set out on the observation table before hand. The patient should be lying face up on the table. The shoulders and â€Å"anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs) at equal distance from the imaging table prevent rotation† (McQuillen-Martensen, 2006, p. 414). The x-ray machine can only focus on the certain views. One such view is anterior to posterior

Hochschilds Emotional Labour Theory

Hochschilds Emotional Labour Theory Emotional labour was first put forward by sociologist Arlie Hochschild in 1983 in her classic book, The Managed Heart. Hochschilds (1983) thesis mostly focuses on the job of flight attendants and bill collectors where she described the work involved in being nasty or nice and have also been expressed as toe and heel of the growing service sector (Cited in Steinberg Figart, 1999: 9) , also implying call centre, which has been targeted for analysis purpose in this study. Repercussions of rapid growing call centres globally have highlighted the importance of the service industry in recent years, whereby organisations accentuate on service quality where the impact is mostly upon selling a service with a smile. This new work organisation focuses on creating a pleasant service interaction for the clients or customers through good and pleasant customer service representative (CSR). As such, service employees are expected to regulate the emotional expression and display certain pre-establis hed and contextually appropriate emotions as per the organisations norms and culture while interacting with customers due to the nature and characteristics of the job as well as the work environment  [1]  . According to Steinberg Figart (1999), emotional labour emphasis is laid on the relational rather than task-based aspect of work, principally found in service economies. It is labour-intensive, it is skilled, effort-intensive, and productive labour. It creates value, affects productivity, and generates profit Steinberg Figart (1999) For such type of emotional labour, wage is their reward; that is, they get paid for their emotional work demands specifically for performing Emotional Labour (Grandey Brauburger, 2002; Zapf, 2002). Most of interactions nowadays include emotional labour (Gibson, 1997; Pugliesi Shook, 1997). For long emotions have been of interest to psychologists and sociologists (Hochschild, 1983; Thoits, 1990), but recently they have been of particular interest to organisational researchers (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993, 1995; Fineman, 1993; Morris Feldman, 1996, 1997). Arlie Hochschild (1983:7) defined emotional labour as the management of feeling to create a publicly observable facial and bodily display (Cited in Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). She also points to the need for an employee to induce or suppress feeling in order to sustain the outward countenance that produces the proper state of mind in others (1983 Cited in Murphy McClure, 2007:7). Emotional labour is demarcated as having different characteristics that may be analysed along different dimensions. Firstly, it requires a personal contact external or within organisations entailing either face-to-face or voice-to-voice client contact (Zapf, 2002; Steinberg Figart, 1999). Emotional labour also requires a worker to produce an emotional state in another person while at the same time managing ones own emotions (Steinberg Figart, 1999:13  [2]  ). Initially, Hochschild (1983) pointed to facial and bodily displays that were observable but further, researchers broaden the view including words , voice tone and other behaviours shaped by efforts undertaken by the person (Wharton Erickson, 1993). Emotional expression is required to follow certain rules, that is, display rules of the organisation (Grandey Brauburger, 2002; Humphrey, 2000; Zapf, 2002). This directs to the alignment of emotional labour with call centre environment due to their respective characteristics such as voice-to-voice or face-to-face, emotions expressed and following display rules during interactions for customer satisfaction. Ashforth Humphreys (1993, 1995) contribution to emotional labour have pushed forward Hochschilds thesis by incorporating the concept of social identity into their study of emotions in the workplace. They define emotional labour as the act of displaying the appropriate emotion (1993:90). Their definition differs from Hochschilds definition as they focus on behaviour rather than on the presumed emotions underlying behaviour (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:90) because they see it as a possibility to conform to display rules without the employee having to manage feelings (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:90). Their focus is on what the employee should feel at work instead of focusing on feeling rules (Hochschild, 1983), which leads us to display rules which are generally a function of societal norms, occupational norms, and organisational norms  [3]  (Rafaeli Sutton, 1989) (Figure 1). Figure 1: Rafaeli Suttons Factors that influence Emotions Expressed by Role Occupants. Source: Rafaeli, A., Sutton, R. I., The expression of emotion in organisational life, Research in Organisational Behaviour, Vol. 11, p.5. Copyright (1989) Surface Acting and Deep Acting: Hochschild (1979, 1983) argued that emotional labour is performed in one of two ways. First, the service provider may act in accordance with display rules through Surface Acting, which involves Simulating emotions that are not actually felt, which is accomplished by careful presentation of verbal and non verbal cues, such as facial expression, gestures and voice tone. Ashforth Humphrey (1993:92) Hereby, the service agents simulate emotions that are not felt by the latter. However, surface acting does not mean that the agent do not experiences any emotion but instead a display emotion that is not felt (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). This causes a discrepancy between felt and displayed emotion as we will discuss in this study. There are also cases where the agent is or is not particularly concerned about the welfare of the customer which is referred to as faking in good faith and faking in bad faith by Rafaeli Sutton (1987: 32 Cited in Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). Surface acting can also be part of acting typically discussed as Impression Management (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993) and this converges with Goffmans dramaturgical analysis of daily encounters (Goffman, 1959, 1969). The second means of complying with display rules is through Deep Acting, which involves a service agent attempting to actually experience or feel the emotions that one wishes to display (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:93). Deep acting can also be described as actors psyche themselves for a role in the same way, the service provider psyches himself or herself for a desired emotion (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:93). Surface acting focuses on ones outward behaviour, deep acting focuses on ones inner feelings (Hochschild, 1983). The concept of surface and deep acting refer to The effort or act of trying to display the appropriate emotion, not the outcomes that is, the quality of the effort and the effects this effort has on target audience Hochschild (1979)  [4]   Further, the efforts may become effortless, for instance, in call centre works, the pre-described scripts and repetitive nature of the work makes deep and surface acting such that emotional labour becomes relatively effortless (Ashforth Fried, 1988 Cited in Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). In the same vein, Ashforth and Humphrey (1993) include the spontaneous and genuine emotions in his conceptualisation of emotional labour, which explains the instances where a service agent spontaneously and genuinely experiences and expresses the expected emotion Ashforth and Humphrey (1993:94). The service provider may naturally feel what he or she was expected to express without having to fake the emotion as per Hochschild (1983) thesis. Ashforth and Humphreys perception was no compliance but instead, a natural expression of feelings, for instance, a nurse who feels sympathy at the sight of an injured child has no need to act' (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:94). Grandey (2000) provides another conceptualisation of emotional labour  [5]  in an attempt to refine the construct of emotional labour and the display rules involved. She defines emotional labour as: the process of regulating both feelings and expression for organisational goals (2000: 97). Grandey (2000) argued that previous conceptualisation of emotional labour does not include the emotion management process that employees undertake to conform to organisational display rules. She also developed a model to illustrate her conceptualisation of emotional labour which is based on the emotion regulation lab studies and emotional labour field studies. The situational cues of her model illustrated below (Figure 2) include the interactions expectations based on frequency, duration, variety, and display rules based upon Morris Feldman Dimensions of Emotional Labour (1997). Figure 2: Grandeys Emotion Regulation Process Source: Grandey, A.A., Emotion Regulation in the Workplace: A new Way to conceptualise Emotional Labour, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 5, No. 1, p.95-110. Dimensions of Emotional Labour: Morris Feldman (1996) also contributed to the conceptualisation of emotional labour. They define emotional labour as the effort, planning, and control needed to express organisationally desired emotion during interpersonal transactions (Morris Feldman, 1996: 987). Their perception of emotional labour differs from Hochschilds thesis in the sense that instead of focusing of the management of feeling (Hochschild, 1983), they instead, focus on expressive behaviour, because it is appropriate expressive behaviour that is organisationally desired (Morris Feldman, 1996:988). The level of planning, control, and skill that are required in organisations to display appropriate emotions is what has much significance to them (Morris Feldman, 1996 Cited in Lewig Dollard, 2003). So, Morris Feldman (1996) conceptualise the construct of emotion labour along four dimensions  [6]  (Figure 3) namely, the frequency of appropriate emotional display, the attentiveness to required display rules, va riety of emotions to be displayed, and emotional dissonance. Figure 3: Morris Feldman Four Dimensions of Emotional labour Source: Morris, J.A., Feldman D.C., The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labour, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, p.986-1010. Consequences of Emotional Labour: Though emotional labour can create economic benefits for the organisations and the individual such as self-efficacy and task effectiveness, it can also and most probably, has negative consequences on both physical and mental health on the employees. Positive Consequences: Staw et al. (1994) emphasized that employees with positive emotions will be more successful in organisations than employees with negative emotions. Ashforth and Humphrey (1993) proposed that expression of positive emotions is related to increased task effectiveness. They discussed that compliance with display rules facilitates task effectiveness if the emotions displayed by service provider is the emotion is alleged to be sincere to a certain extent (Rafaeli Sutton, 1989; Feldman, 1984; Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). Ashforth Humphrey (1993) propose that emotional labour can increase self efficacy of the employees and also increase personal well-being by fulfilling task requirements and task effectiveness  [7]  . In the same vein, they noted that by fulfilling social expectations, emotional labour makes interactions more predictable and avoids embarrassing interpersonal problems that might otherwise disrupt interactions (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:94). Rafaeli Sutton (1987) also found that positive emotions of service employee brings about immediate sale, or cause revisit of customers and can be beneficial to the organisation t hrough word of mouth. Ashforth Humphrey (1993) also argued that emotional labour may facilitate self-expression. This is due to the certain degree of autonomy in the enactment of display rules. They disputed that at least some of the authentic self were projected by the service agents into the enactment, for example, Jackall (1978) described how bank tellers modified organisationally directed display rules to suit their own interpersonal styles (Cited in Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). Thus, this may facilitate self-expression. The expressions of positive emotions by service employees also influence outcomes that are prominent to the role occupant like financial wellbeing, mental and physical well being (Rafaeli Sutton, 1987). Staw et al. (1994) also found that employees expressing positive emotions are often more appreciated and receive favourable evaluations and better pay than those with negative expressions. Cote and Morgan (2002) also supported that positive emotions can increase job satisfaction as ser vice employees displaying such emotions are judged by others as sociable, pleasant, and likeable (Staw et al, 1994). And this supports organisations as service employees are in better positions to gain control over demanding customers (Mishra, 2006). Negative Consequences: Emotional labour is a double-edge sword (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993). Most studies undertaken reflected the negative aspects of emotional labour which is more inflicting on individual mental and physical well-being, and eventually affects organisational needs. Emotional Dissonance, Burnout, and Emotional exhaustion: Emotional labour can become dysfunctional for the worker when dissonance between felt emotions and displayed emotions is experienced (Lewig Dollard, 2003:268). This discrepancy between felt and display emotion is termed as emotional dissonance (Lewig Dollard, 2003). Hochschilds (1983) interest in emotional labour derived from what she argues as pernicious effects of both surface acting and deep acting on the labourer (Cited in Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:96). Displaying emotions that are not felt, creates a sense of strain, resulting in what Hochschild (1983) termed as emotive dissonance or cognitive dissonance. Hochschild (1983:90) defined emotional dissonance as maintaining a difference between feeling and feigning. This discrepancy is common because even though display rules regulate expressive behaviour, they cannot regulate expressive experience (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:97). According to Ashforth Humphrey (1993:96), emotional dissonance may cause the individual to feel false an d hypocritical  [8]  . In due course, this dissonance could lead to personal and work-related maladjustment such as low self-esteem, depression, cynicism, and alienation from work (Lewig Dollard, 2003)  [9]  . Correspondingly, Ashforth Humphrey argued that deep acting may impair ones sense of authentic self (1993, p.97) and ones well-being, leading to self-alienation. They disputed that as a person loses touch of its authentic self, this may damage ones ability to express genuine expression (Ashforth, 1989). Finally, according to Ashforth and Frieds Study (1988) of mindlessness, with each interaction, deep acting becomes difficult for the service provider  [10]  . Many studies have been undertaken upon the link between emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion, and burnout and results have been very prominent (Pierce, 1996; Pugliesi, 1999; Pugliesi Shook, 1997). Morris and Feldmans study also made an impact on this relationship (Figure 4), explaining the antecedents and consequences of emotional labour. Figure 4 shows the link that Morris and Feldman (1996) illustrated, taking emotional dissonance as the fourth dimension of the emotional labour construct which leads to emotional exhaustion and job dissatisfaction. Figure 4: Morris Feldman Antecedents and Consequences of Emotional labour Source: Morris, J.A., Feldman D.C., The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labour, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, p.986-1010. Emotional exhaustion is a specific stress-related reaction, and is a key component of burnout (Maslach, 1982 Cited in Morris Feldman, 1996). Emotional exhaustion refers to a state of depleted energy caused by excessive emotional demands (Saxton, Phillips, Blakeney, 1991, Cited in Morris Feldman, 1996, p.1002) made on service providers interacting with customers or clients. It has also been associated with withdrawal behaviour and decreases in productivity (Cordes Dougherty, 1993; Jackson, Schwab Schuler, 1986). Lewig and Dollard (2003) found that emotional dissonance intensifies the level of emotional exhaustion at high levels of psychological demands, indicating that jobs having more emotional demands result in more emotional dissonance, hence more emotional exhaustion  [11]  . Maslachs (1982) work also suggests that greater planning for a wide variety of emotional displays is emotionally exhausting. Emotional exhaustion is a component of burnout, which is a stress found typically in service industries (Brotheridge Grandey, 2002; Grandey, 2000; Maslach, 1982). Hochschild (1983) indicated that burnout was a likely outcome for emotional labourers who identified too completely with their jobs (also see Maslach, 1982; Maslach Jackson, 1981). Initially, there is no standard definition of burnout, but most researchers conceptualisation of burnout refers to burnout as a syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment that results from interactions with people in some capacity (Maslach Schaufeli, 1993). The research supports that emotional labour is related to burnout and to emotional exhaustion specifically (Abraham, 1998, 1999c; Brotheridge Lee, 2002; Zapf et al., 2001). Similarly, Kruml Geddes (2000) examined the relationship between emotional dissonance and burnout and results proved that those faking their emotions risk becomin g emotionally exhausted. Job Satisfaction, Autonomy, and Performance: Previous theoretical work on emotional labour suggests that a negative relationship between emotional labour and job satisfaction. Hochschild (1983) argued that those employees suffering from burnout is usually a result of low autonomy and high job involvement, ultimately leading to low job satisfaction. According to Parkinson (1991), employees masking their felt emotions, lead to job dissatisfaction. This result from the consequences of emotional dissonance caused from the discrepancy between felt and displayed emotions which lead to exhaustion and burnout, eventually, affects job performance and job satisfaction  [12]  . Gendered Aspect of Emotional Labour: Work organisations and jobs are gendered (Acker, 1990) and this involves jobs requiring interactive work and emotional labour (Cited in Erickson Ritter, 2001). Traditionally, a differential form of emotional labour has been associated with jobs performed mostly by women. Nevertheless, Women do not experience more burnout or inauthenticity than men because of the type of jobs they perform, but rather because managing feelings of agitation have a different effect on women than it does on men. Erickson Ritter (2001:147) Thus, conventionally, Hochschild (1983) chose to study Flight Attendants and Bill Collectors as she believed these were jobs requiring high levels of emotional labour, or she wanted to illustrate the extent to which such jobs were emotionally gendered (Cited in Erickson Ritter, 2001) . As per Acker (1990), emotionally gendered jobs should display emotional patterns of emotional experience that should be distinctive for man and woman  [13]  . The gendered dimension of emotional labour can be illustrated through Rafaeli Sutton (1989) three norms, namely, the social norms, the occupational norms, and the organisational norms Social Norm: Historically, emotional expression has been differential in society and organisations, in that women have the tendency to perform more deferential forms of emotional labour than men (Erickson Ritter, 2001). Women are generally thought to be more expressive than men (Brody Hall, 1993). This issue was traditionally due to the social status of man and woman. Women are socialised to express most feelings freely except anger and man are expected to suppress all feelings but to express anger openly (Sharkin, 1993). In organisations, mens anger is often acceptable and it is generally characterised by shouting and yelling, whereas women express their anger differently and usually characterised by tears (Hoover Dempsey, Plas Wallston, 1986). Hochschild (1983: 163) suggested that woman have a weaker status shield against the displaced feeling of others (Cited in Erickson Ritter, 2001). According to Hochschild (1983), the absence of the social shield implies that women are more like to be e xposed to others anger and frustration and will lack the structural resources to fight back those emotional attacks  [14]  (cited in Erickson Ritter, 2001). Occupational Norms: Occupational norms regarding the appropriateness of emotional displays at work are typically learned during the professional socialisation process. The extents to which organisations have explicit display rules and monitor employees expressive behaviour will depend on the level of skill and training required to perform the work. Morris and Feldman (1996: 997) Elaine Hall (1993) and Robin Leidner (1991, 1993) studies also focused on the gendered dimension of emotional labour which reflected on the service of a restaurant  [15]  . They argued that this organisational behaviour structured the interaction of women servers as sexual objects (Cited in Steinberg Figart, 1999:16). Jennifer Pierce (1995) also echoed the gendered occupational dimension of emotional labour with her study of paralegals, where woman paralegals entailed in tremendous emotional labour job content  [16]  . Similarly, OBrien study (1994) of the nursing profession in Great Britain focused on this aspect of emotional labour where many of the skills possessed by nurses derived not from the qualities of being a nurse but from the qualities of being a woman  [17]   (1994:399). The case of call centres that have become a new organisational phenomenon nowadays is greatly emotionally gendered. The call centre industry quickly arrived at the realisation that women sell (Carter Butler, 2008:6). Foreseths (2005) study demonstrates how feelings are commoditized and womans femininity and sexuality are sold alongside the companys product such as airline tickets, hotel reservations amongst others (Cited in Carter Butler, 2008:6). Most often, women are expected to make use of their inherent caring and nurturing nature to persuade customers to purchase the products or service or assist customers in their inquiries and complaints (Brannan, 2005; Fernandez et. al., 2005: 894-895). These situations provide examples of how the issue of gender makes a difference in occupations and how with the use of display rules, the gendered dimension of emotional labour is strengthen (Fineman, 1996). National culture also play an important part on the gendered emotional labour depending on which type of policies organisations employ and where national culture shape organisational culture, hence influencing the emotional labour (Aaltio-Marjosola, 1994; Gheradi, 1994). Organisational Norms: An organisations culture will have the most persistent influence on display rules and associated emotions (Rafaeli Sutton, 1989; Van Maanen Kunda, 1989). Gender is implicated within these social norms, which vary by culture  [18]  (Steinberg Figart, 1999). Organisational culture consists Of symbols, beliefs, and patterns of behaviour learned, produced, and created by the people who devote their energies and labour to the life of an organisation Sprati (1992:342) Consequently, this pattern of behaviour, which of itself is gendered, is reflected in their tacit rejection of emotional feelings at work (Sprati, 1992). Aaltio-Marjosola (1994) noted that gender stereotypes are becoming cultural product of the organisation. Hence, where service providers are interacting in this context, they believe that they are acting in their own, but in fact they are acting as per organisational norms and emotional displays become part of compliance and not emotional attachment, and no commitment. In the context of emotional exchanges, emotional dissonance and its relationship to emotional exhaustion and burnout are important. Research indicates that not only women are required to engage in emotional labour more than man (Morris Feldman, 1997; Rafaeli Sutton, 1989; Wharton Erickson, 1993), but at the same time, it is clear that woman express more positive emotions toward other than man (Stoppard Gunn Gruchy, 1993). Man, on the other hand, is restricted to those emotions that are considered manly to the society. As discussed above through Rafaeli and Sutton three norms that demonstrate the gendered dimension of emotional labour, man and woman are expected different forms of emotional labours, so this lead to more emotional dissonance, more emotional exhaustion, and more burnout. The gendered aspects of emotional labour can also affect job satisfaction and is illustrated through Stenross and Kleinmans study of sheriff (1989) (Steinberg Figart, 1999). The Self and Emotional Labour: What is of utmost importance is how the self of the individual is mostly affected as a result of emotional labour. The relevant questions shifts from Hochschilds  [19]   How is the self eroded or alienated by commodification? to What kinds of selves are constructed through labour processes? What are the social possibilities for the construction of selves and relationship within a given organisation? and How do Workers creatively negotiate, build upon, and negate these parameters? Ashforth and Humphreys social identity theory (1993) described the social possibilities that may construct the self of an emotional labourer and its relationship to organisations levels. They argued that The self concept is comprised of a personal identity that encompasses distinctive characteristics and traits and a social identity encompassing salient group classifications  [20]  . Ashforth Humphrey (1993:98); Ashforth Mael (1989); Tajfel Turner (1985) Ashforth Humphrey (1993) also noted that individuals who define themselves in terms of social groups and idiosyncratic characteristics whose display rules are discrepant with those of the organisational role are more apt to experience emotive dissonance and self-alienation (p.99). The self is constructed and modified upon the social group the individual identifies himself or herself with. The more strongly one identifies with the role, the greater the positive impact that fulfilling those expectations has on ones psychological well-being  [21]   (Ashforth Humphrey, 1993:99). Emotions are the construction of Identity but with deep and surface acting in emotional labour, this creates internal pressures on the individuals and eventually causes a dissonance (Richman, 1988; Sutton, 1991). Workers who construct emotional labour as performing a role do not have a sense of authenticity (Haman, 2005:89). The work of Michel Foucault is inevitable when talking about the self in emotional labour. His work mainly evolves the influences of power and control on the inner sphere of an individual. Foucault described the discourse of organisational and human needs and the case of emotional labour in service sectors has largely been a debatable subject. In performing service work, employees are not only consenting to degrading the self, they work on their own identities in ways that sometimes confirm with organisational norms, but very often do not. Whenever one is dealing with a multiplicity of individuals on whom a task or a particular form of behaviour must be imposed, the panoptic schema may be used Foucault (1977: 205) So, emotional labour is very well concerned with the foucauldian analysis, where display rules are imposed on the individual, the panoptic schema may be used. In late eighteenth century, Jeremy Bentham design a prison  [22]  , which was later adapted by Foucault, and the main idea behind the construct of the prison was to make the individual feel that they were constantly under carceral gaze and they would eventually internalise and disciplined and controlled themselves accordingly (Foucault, 1977: 201). He who is subjected to a field of visibility, and who knows it, assumes responsibility for the constraints of power; he makes them play spontaneously upon himself; he inscribes in himself the power relation in which he simultaneously plays both roles; he becomes principle of his own subjection Foucault (Discipline, 202-203) In early 1990s, the panopticon was perceived to be electronic in the workplace with new technologies advancements that increase ways of surveillance and monitoring through internet, telephones, ATMs. Credit cards, and the increasing number of surveillance cameras in urban spaces (Foucault, 1977). In fact, call centres are the best illustrations, where high emotional discrepancies are occurred as explained above in this study, has been perceived as heavy Foucauldian spin (Thompson, 2003) and the main conce

Explore Different Types Of Essays And Examples

Exploring The Different Types Of Essays And Examples ~ our site Essay writing is going to help you create a stream of academic success. If you can do this, you will excel in nearly all major arenas of writing, and education. But that’s not just a matter of school. You’re going to find that you can explore different types of essays to ensure that you’re working through writing for industry and learning as well. If you can write an essay well, you can write just about anything, and may find yourself offering companies a lot more than other employees that they may be looking into hiring. This is a great option that you’ll no doubt want to explore, especially if you want to ensure that you’re able to gain the upper hand in the job market today. The following will help you explore the major types of essays that you should know about. This will help you understand the bigger picture of what’s going on with writing in academia and beyond.Narrative Style The first option that you’re going to want to consider is that of narrative essays. This is a solution that lets you tell a story from the perspective of first person view points. It’s something that you are going to help create elements that will help you create lavish stories and more. You can sometimes see this in literature, where documentation in journals and more are written. The book â€Å"Dracula† for instance, has this narrative style, and it looks like an essay in many chapters that collect to form the larger picture of the story. Narrative essays are usually personal, and can help put forward real-life experiences for others to read etc. You can create a conclusion at the end, or you can leave it open ended, depending on what the purpose of the essay assignment truly is.Descriptive Style The next thing that you will need to consider is simple, descriptive style. This is a solution that lets you be more descriptive in what you’re writing. You will be writing like you were creating a short story or a novel. You’ll use descriptions that are absolutely focused on deeper elements, and meaning that goes beyond just telling a story. This is a novelization and narrative style that is more descriptive than the first essay style. It’s an interesting push forward that will give you details about the subject matter on a lot of deeper elements. It will no doubt help you gain the upper hand in whatever it is you’re trying to discuss with people, as it works with transitional elements from first person to second and even third person if need be.Expository StyleThe third type of essay that you may be asked to create is that of a factual essay option. This is an academic solution that is going to help you create definitive narration through media and statistics. This can be sometimes boring to write, but it’s an important aspect to consider. It’s something that helps you create outstanding avenues of comparative and contrasting elements. You will write how to, cause and effect, and much more. This is not a matter of personal elements. You will not use â€Å"I† or â€Å"me†, or anything personal elements. This is structured in an academic form that uses facts, citations, data, and more. This is the same type of options that get published in serious publications, and even medical journals. This is meant for academia and not much else.Persuasive Style The fourth solution that you are going to want to learn about is that of persuasive essay styles. This is an option that is going to help you work towards convincing someone of what you’re discussing. This is a writer’s best friend because you can present an argument that will help you gain the upper hand. This is a solution that many teachers are going to ask you to work with. Writers have to create an initial topic and then give arguments for or against it. It’s an interesting solution that will no doubt give you focused work throughout. The writer creates multiple sides of the argument through the presentation of facts, citations, status, points of view, and much more. There’s so much involved with this, that you may find that these could be quite long at times.Academia Demands Different StylesThere’s a lot of students that don’t know how to pick the proper essay format for their education. Do not become one of those students. Instead, learn how to write different types of essays to help you with learning, and much more. You’ll find that you will be able to work through any type of essay style if you work with these essay types. The options listed above will help you gain the upper hand in major types of academic writing and more. Academia will always ask you to write essays. However, the most common are the ones we have covered above. The four above are going to help you with a lot of different elements that could help you get the information that is going to help you get a good grade. If you can work with the different styles above, you will not be surprised by what you will be asked to construct.What’s The Most Common Essay TypeHere’s the thing, the majority of scholastic options are not going to be focused on just â€Å"one† type of essay. We have covered the most common options, however, there maybe others. So, what’s the most common essay typesChances are you’re going to find that persuasive, and expository are the ones you will be asked to write most frequently. These are going to be the most common that you’ll have to turn into school past the college level. As you get closer to the masters and doctorate level, you’ll find that you’ll end up with a lot of writing. Now, there are times when the first two types of essay writing will be asked to be put together. For instance, you’ll find that if you’re going to apply to a college, so you’ll be working with with narrative essays. Descriptive essays will be more for creative circles, however. Either way, you should be familiar with these four major types of essays as you build towards academic glory. If you are worried that you need to survive the University, head over to our site and let our expert writers help you write a top class essay, on time and to the highest possible quality. We are often asked, can our site help me Write My Essay, the answer is of course. In addition, we provide free guidance to our clients on what to look for when you are choosing the best Essay Writing Company. You may also be interested in reading about:How to avoid Plagiarism in an EssayHow to avoid Plagiarism in a Dissertation

Global Warming: Fact or Fiction?

Global Warming: Fact or Fiction? Is global warming taking place? Are humans the cause of it? Lately these questions are being asked more and more by people who believe that the earth's climate is growing steadily warmer at an alarming rate. Our planet's ever-changing climate has captured the attention of those who would have us agree that without drastic modification of our behavior, we will ultimately destroy the world in which we live.However, these activists are using scare tactics based upon inadequate information acquired from unreliable sources to promote their agenda, and this theory of human-caused global warming is refuted by science and logic. The popular belief that global warming is the effect of human activity is erroneous and unsupported by scientific evidence. Environmental activists believe that our burning of fossil fuels and increased output of carbon dioxide or â€Å"greenhouse† gases have aided the apparently human-provoked global warming process.However, a ccording to the National Center for Policy Analysis, human-produced carbon dioxide could have only played a small role in this warming. H. Sterling Burnett states that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has only increased twenty-eight percent over the past 150 years, and most of this increase took place before the year 1940, which is prior to most human-emitted carbon dioxide. Burnett goes on to say that poll results show â€Å"only 17 percent of the members of the Meteorological Society and the American Geophysical Society think that the warming of the 20th century has been a result of greenhouse gas emissions. Some U. S. climatologists believe that the apparent warming trend we have been experiencing over the past few years may be in part due to improper placements of weather surface stations. These stations, sited in various locations all over the United States, serve to collect data concerning our climate. Although strict guidelines govern where these stations shoul d be located, Surface Stations. org, a website dedicated to surveying the stations, shows that our nation's surface stations are not meeting these requirements.This website displays photographs of surface stations that are positioned beside airport runways, large industrial areas, and sewage treatment plants; all of which distort temperature readings. One station in Forest Grove, Oregon, is placed directly behind an air conditioning unit, which continually blows hot air onto the surface station meter. I think everyone would agree that this causes the station's temperature readings to increase. Laurie David, writer and global warming activist, argues that

Analysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 988 Words

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Courage can be viewed or displayed in many ways. Atticus Finch displayed courage when he agreed to take Tom Robinson’s case even though he knew the townspeople of Maycomb would take the side of a low class white man over that of a decent black man. In his discussion with his son Jem, Atticus said â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads – they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s, the white man always wins. They’reShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. 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